Improved machine fob manufacturing candles



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

H. GRAMBO.

Machine for Manufacturing Candles.

Patented Jany 1. 1867 &

/ 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. GRAMBO.

Machine for Manufacturing Cand\es.

Patented lany 1. 1867 V 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. H. GRAMBO.

Machine for Manufacturing Cand\es.

Patented Jany 1. 1867 HARRIS 9N GRAMBO, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent Na. 60,718, dated January '1, 1867.

IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING CANDLES.

TO ALL WHO IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that l. H \nnilspx GRANT-0, of the city and county ofPhiladelphi and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new anduseful improvements in .lachincs for Manufacturing Candles; and I dohereby declare the following t be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the nature, construction, and operation of the same, reference beinghad in the accompanying drnnings, which are made part of thisspccifi'catlon, and in which- 7 Figure l is a plan of my improvedmarhine.

*Fignr'e Z is a longitudinal section of the same in the plane indicatedby the line a: x, fig. I-

Figures 3, 4, and are transverse vertical sections, whose respectiveplanes are indicated by the red lines w w, y y, and z z, fig. l. thearrows on the several red lines showing the direction from which thecorresponding figures are drawn. I i

Figure 6 is a dctzu-hed view, which will be hereinafterparticularly-referred to.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the oeroral figures.

In the machine, the subject of this application, the candle material,either In a cold, solid, or warm fluid state, is supplied in receivingand rvdneinginills, when e it is forced hetu'ccrra antics-of knives,and, atcvery complete operation of the machine, deposited in from ofhorizontal pistons, which, moving toward the continof the machinel'rmnlhr opposihsides thereof, force the candle material through transversepassages in the longitudinal centre of the machine, and leave it justhelowa vertically-moving plunger, whereby it is forced downward into acentral longitudinal chamber leading directly to the moulds wherein thecandles arc-formed. l within this central longitudinal chamber work theplunger which forces the material into-tho mouldsrtho pistons which formthe candle-tips and eject the candles from the moulds, and the wicktnhes which place the i k i i i ithin the candle moulds. Thecandle-mould pistons have inotion both simultariddusly with," andindependently of, thc plunger which forces the material into the moulds,so that when the candle material has been forced into the moulds, theplunger recedes from the latter, while the-pistons are advanced throughthe plunger and moulds by special aetuatipg devices; and, havingejcctedthe candles from the moulds, thmpistens are, by a sudden impulse,thrown back into the plunger, thus clearing the moulds in time toonablethern to bo refilled by the forward motion of the plunger. A pairof double-jawed clamps operating at the outer ends of the moulds seizethe wicks as soon as the candles are ejected, and hold them while underthe action of tho lrnil'c, which severs each wick at a point between thetipol' the candle already formed and the but ofthe succeeding candlewithin the mould; the clamps also affording a. hearing for the candleswhile in process ol formation. While the wicks are held by vthe clamps,the wick-feeding tubes recedc within the plung'crs, leaving the wicks ina central position within the moulds. The candles, when ejected from themoulds, enter a corresponding series of tubes formed in a box which isadvanced to receive and support the candles while the tricks I are beingsevered by-thc knife. These receiving tubes are also 'dcsigned to giveadditional polish andsolidity to the candles, as hereinafter explained;and when the candles are ejected therefrom, they are gently depositedupon a pair of parallel arms or rails, which, after receiving thecandles, are lowered so as todepesit the candles in a complete conditionupon an endless band, which conveys them away, to be stored, boxcd orotherwise disposed of. I

In order that others skilled in the art to which my invention appcrtainsmay be enabled to fully understand and uccth'e'same, I will proceed todescribe it in detail with reference to th mulexe l lm i A A A mayrepresent the several partsof thet'rmncwhich snpphrts the VM'iOus mmbers of the candle-'- manufacturing mechanism. B B' are the receiving;and reducing mills or'chnlinbcrs illto which th li spermaccti, or othercandle material is supplied asthe operation progresses. These chambers,B B, are'locatcd at the opposite sides oi thcmaehine, and in eachchamber, B, is-jonrnztlled a vertical shaft, having a spi ral rim orflange, C. The shafts qq togothcr with their spiral rims C G. receivemotion through the b vel cogs, D D D, from tho transverse shaft E, whichis'rototcd by means of pnlleysF F, bani IF; shaft G,- bcvcl cogs HH, andline shaft I, thelatter beingdriven from the main d iving shaft, ,1, Ithe p i H The driving shaft, J, may derire its panel from .any-desiredsource. I have shown the steam boilc 1 l-l steam pipe, K, for supplyingsteam to the spaces, b, between the jackets Bl and tho rc uciving chambs B B. These means of heoting rnsy-bc employed when the candle materialis supplied to the receiving chambers in a cold condition, for the purposc of reducing the canne to the desired pnlpy or mouldable-state; butwhen material is to be supplie in a hot, fluid statepthe spaces 6 arefilled with ice, or some free zirig iniatnrm'a hence the steamapparatu'o sy b'e dispensed ritlr. L L are pistons, which are nidvcdtransversely toward from the centre of theinachine, and are fitteditoslide within the transverse chambers or passages, L L, thropfih, whichthe candle material is forced to the lower end ofthe central chamber M,in which works the vertical reciprocating plunger, N. O O 0 representsseries of knives, between which the candle material isfordodf fromchambers, B B to L L by the rotation of the spiral rims 0 (l;. Thepistons L L are actuated by dlr'e' toggle joints to m, iods'm m whichtoggles are attached to the extremity of a vibrating lc'l'cr, pitman pof which is jointed to a crank on themaiu driving shaft}? The plunger Nis also operated by} the lever? P being connected to the latter hy therod N. The shaft, P, of the lerenP P, is nupportedfin a suitablyelevated position by the brackets P P, which rise at each side of themachine, and have their attachment upon the upper side rails of theframe A. Q is a horizontal chamber extonding'beneath, and communicatingwith the chamber M, and hence it also communicates with the transversepassages L L." R R R R represent the moulds into which the candlematerial is forced fromtho chamber Q by the horizontal plunger S, whichlatter is reciprocated within the chamber Q by means of theconnecting-rolls s s, which are operated by the cranks, jj on thedriving shaft J. The moulds, R, 'or'e fixed immovably in the case or boxit, and may be surrounded with ice, cold water, or any desired coolingmedium, for the purpose of solidifying and indurnting the candlematerial when in the moulds. S S S B (see fig. 6) are cylindricalpistons, which are adapted to slide into and out of correspondingchambers. formed in the body of the plunger SJ These pistons areattached to rods, s a 4 s, which receive an intermittent motion from theco cd segment S and rack-bar S, the segment being applied to the drivingshaft J, and the ruck-bur arranged to slide between suitable guides i a.--During the engagement of the cogged segment S and racltbar S, witheach other, the rods, 8, are advanced or moved toward the moulds,thereby projecting the pistons, S, from their chambers in the plun'gr-S,V and causing them to enter the corresponding moulds, B, so as to ejectthe candies therefrom. This ejecting action of the pistons takesplaceafter they have been forced up to the receiving ends of the mouldia R,to which point they are carried by the motion of the plunger S, thepistons being moved along simultaneously with the plunger by theabutment if their ends ngaiust.the bases of the several chambers inwhich they are situated. Every time the continued irotationof the shaftJ czz-"ies the segment S'eut of engagement with the rack-bar S, thelatter is subjected the unresisted action of a spring, S, which jerksthe pistons Sdmcl: into their chambers in the plunger: 6, a a arepresent the wick-tubes passing through the plunger S and pistons S;the red check lines representing the wick as passing through the saidtubes frout'the repls T T, which are supported and jeurnalled in thebent irms the lower extremities of which are attzupierl to thetransverse bar,

which connects the ends of the wiclr tubos'f- To the ends oi'thisconnccting-bar, gt, are jointed the ends of the rode a, which, byorank-ccnncction with the driving shaft J, communicate motion to thewiek-tnbes.. The wiclr tubes, 4, correspond in number with the pistons Sand moulds It, and they work through the plunger S, pistons 1 S, andmoulds R; iii the manner tobo hereinafter explained. In operation, thetubes (2 pass through the moulds R, and deliver the end of the wicks tothe clamps d d, which come together and grasp the wicks so as to- ,hold'them central] within the moulds whilothotubos recedo from the mouldstogive place'to tho candle material which is orced therein by theadvancing plunger S and pistons S. Whcn'the tuhe 'sjrecedc from'thomoulds, the reels, T T, undergo a limited rotation, so as to pay 05'sulllcicnt wick for the ne itbperatiom' The let oll' motion of the reelsis limited by the double dog, .U, which is pivoted upon the upright 1i,n-nd when down, arrests the motion of the reels by ccntactarith thepins, t t, on the latter. The dog is elevated at the proper time, so asto' release the reels, by the contact of its curved back with the uppered e of the slot in the plate, V, through which the arm of the dogisallowed to play. The detaining of the do I], falls by gravity. to arrestthe reels T. The jaws, d (1, have three important functions, viz, first,to hold the wick-1 Within e moulds during the retreat or recodingmovement of .thh'wick tubes; second, to close and constitute a commonbase for the outer ends of the candle moulds while the candle materialis being forced into the same; and, third, to hold the wick while underthe action of the knlfoiw, which severe that portion of the wicks whichb 'lo lgfij' to the formed andejectcd' candles from -that whic yetwithinthe m uld A scctionalvriow of the clamps;- d d may be seen in fign'd,from which the sctio'n of tho wick-cutting knife between their doublejaws-will .be readily understood. "Ati elevution of tho clamps-end theirappendages is represented in fig. 3;. but tlgrd more; clearlyillustrates the operation of the dcvices whichopen and close the clamps,and I-shullmow roceed to di ib id d vices. ..1 is a bevel cog-whe' clkeyed to the line shaft I, and meshing with c g-wheels I l, which are hb d t communicate a rotary motion to the vertical shafts I I, which, thhtho gearing I I I I, import their rotary motion to the horizontalshafts I I, which, through the gearing is d 11, give motion [0 the shortrotary shafts d d, which bear the cams d J, which work within the bowsor curvcd bars, d d, attached to the clamps ti :1. At everyreyolntlontheconic d, acting upon friction-rollers (2, move the bews v ti ll but inopposite directions, thus opening the clamps dd. .As soon as th eemscflsuspend their h' h bow, .1 letter are quickly thrown toward eachother by thc springs d" d2; Hence, as often as the clamps d are openedby the co ns vi, they are closed by the springs d. Those springs, d,encircle vertical rods, the upper ends of which have rigid bearingsonthe curved cross-bail), \vhichjs supportcdnpon the bearing fi'nmc D,while the lower end of the springs rodsrest upon the be; R, whichcontains. 5 mffllldfl The ltnifo, W, is confined by suitable guides, andis depressed by the cam w, ,which is revolved by'the uppermost of'lhe mts d. Simultaneously with the depressing notion of this cam, 20, theknife, W, is drawn laterally'by the eccentric, w, Ol'htllc line shaft,I, acting through the connecting-rod (0% (300 fig. Thia glves the knifea draw ut, which is best ada ted tof'sct' 'r the nick. As often asdepressed, the knife W isji' W i g w, so as to be within suitableproximity to the cam 10 to admit of a repetition of its action. Yrepresents a box containing a series ol'tnbes, Y, corresponding innumber and size with the moulds R. Thotubesarearra lgtil in line withthe moulds it, and their box, Y, is fitted to slide upon the rods, Z,toward and away from the mould box ll. The box, Y, is carried up to themoulds by the operation of the copged segment, G, on shaft G, upon thelongitudinal raclehar, G, which is attached to the box Y. i'hen theeogged segment has run itself out of gear with the raek-bar G, the box Yis retracted from the moulds It by the springs Z which encircle the rodsZ. Y are a series of stationary pistons or cylinders, which, when thebox Y is retracted, enter the tubes Y to expel the candles therefrom. gis an endless band, receiving motion from the shaft I through the beltand pulleys 1 g, and made to circulate around the drums g, which arejournnllcd at the opposite sides of the machine, as represented infig. 1. it It represent a pair of lovers, which are supported upon atransverse rod or shaft, It, which is fitted to turn in lugs attached tothe upper side pieces of the frame A. At their inner extremities theselevers carry a pair of curved arms or rails, 11 I which occupy positionsat either side of the belt 1. The upper ends of the levers I. l: arelllltit by the revolving arms or tappcts on the shaft (l, which haathocllect to elevate the arms or rails 1/ It to a positi n to receive thecandles, after which [A It fall by gravity and deposit the candles uponthe belt 7.

The operation will be readily understood from the above description ofthe functions and construction of the various parts of the apparatus,but I shall now give a brief description of the consecutive operations.and merely refer to the drawings by way of elucidation.

The material from which the candles are to be formed is first suppliedto the mills or chambers 11 B, from which it is forced downward so as tofill the spaces in front of the pistons L L. The latter are thenadvanced toward the centre of the machine, carrying with them, anddepositing beneath the plunger N, sullieient quantity of material for asingle operation. The plunger N then descends and forces the materialdownward into thechamber Q, from which it is forced into the moulds bythe forward movement of the plunger S, and pistons S. As soon as thepiston S reaches the receiving end of the mould R, its motion isreversed, but the forward motion of the cylindrical pistons S iscontinued, so that they start out of their chambers in the plunger andenter the moulds, at which point in the operation the clamps (I (I opento permit the candles to be expelled by the advancing pistons; saidclamps having, up to this time, maintained their closed position, so asto form a base or backing for each of the moulds. The candles havingbeen expelled from the moulds ll, the wicks, at the point of delivery,are seized by the closing clamps, and held while under the cuttingaction of the nifo W, which detaches so much of the wick as belongs tothat set of ca dles. The pistons, S, having traversed the full length ofthe moulds R, and performed their special function, tly quickly backinto their chambers within the plunger S, which had previously recededto allow another quantity of material to be forced into the chambers Qby the plunger N. The wick-tubes a are carried forward in the moulds Rsimultaneously with and to nearly the same extent as the pistons S; butwhile the pistons leave the tnoulds with a sudden impulsive movement,the wick tubes rccede therefrom moreslowly, and said wick-tubes, thusreceding, thread the wicks, so to speak, in the centre of the candles asthe material to form the latter is forced into the moulds by thereadvancing plunger and pistons. During the backward or receding motionof the wick-tubes a, the wick, still held at the end by the clamps d d,is paid at? from the reels T T in just sufiicient quantity to supply oneset of candles. When the candles start out of the moulds R, under theexpelling action of the pistons S, the tubes Y, with their box Y, movetoward the mould box It, to receive and support the candles. After thewicks have been cut by the knife W, and released by the clamps J J, thebox Y retreats from the moulds, and the stationary pistons Y", enteringthe tubes Y, expel the candles from the latter. Being thus deliveredfrom the tubes Y, the candles are received uponthe arms or rails It,which had risen to the height of the tubes to re eive them. The arms,It, descepd and deposit the gtlntlles in a complete condition upon theband g. which carries them off as fast as they are made. The tubes, Y,serve to give additional polish and solidity to the candles, and boththey and the moulds It may be surrounded with ice, water, or a freezingmixture. if desired. The number of the moulds and tubes is unlimited,and the length of the candles can be regulated by the stroke of thepistons.

Having thus described my invention, the following is what, I claim asnew, and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1. I claim the receiving andreducing mills B C C, supply chambers L L M Q, pistons L L, plungers NS, and moulds R, all combined and arranged substantially as and for thepurpose specified.

2. I claim the pistons S, operating in combination with the plunger S,and moulds R, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

3. I claim the combination with the plunger S, and pistons S, of thewiek-tubcs 11, arranged and operating substantially as described.

4. I claim the clamps d J, arranged and operating substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

5. I claim the receiving and discharging tubes Y, when arranged andemployed in the manner and for the purpose set forth.

6. I claim the combination with the tubes Y, of the stationary pistonsY, arranged and operating in the manner and for the purpose specified.

7. I claim the box Y, afiording a bearing and enclosing case for thetubes Y, and reciprocatetl therewith by the means and for the purposedescribed.

8- Ielaim the arms or rails It It, and levers It It, arrangedwndoperating substantially as and. for the purpose specilied.

9- I claim the endless baud g, arranged and operating in the manner andfor the purpose set forth.

10. I claim the combination with the reducing mills or chambora B B, ofthe steam chests or jackets B 13 substantially as described.

11. I claim the knife W, wh d d, for the purpose set forth.

12. I claim tho combination of the (log U, with the reels T T, forlimiting the let-oil mo 13. I claim the within-described candle-inkingnppai-ntus, consisting of the rec ll I3, supplying chambers L M Q,plungcrs and pistons N S L L, wick-tubes a, all arranged and operatingsubstantially as set forth. s

I HARRISQN GRAMBO. Witnesses:

W. V. Ancnn, Hum? E. Jom.

cn operated in the manner specified and employed in connoction with theclamps tion, as described. eivlng mills or chambers reels 1 T, andchimps d d,

